The physiology of sea-urchin spermatozoa; lack of movement in semen.
نویسنده
چکیده
The eggs and spermatozoa of many organisms contain and secrete substances with fairly well-defined physiological properties. A knowledge of the chemical and physiological characteristics of these substances may lead to a more detailed understanding of the fertilization reaction. In addition, they are of interest from other points of view. On the one hand, they may contribute to our knowledge of the mechanism of vibratile movement; on the other, they may shed some light on immunochemistry, as the work of Tyler (1948) has shown. The secretions of eggs, particularly in the case of marine worms and sea-urchins, were originally called Fertilizin. Eggs were also said to contain Antifertuizin, and so were spermatozoa. At other times, the words Agglutinin, Iso-agglutinin, and Hetero-agglutinin have been used to describe these secretions. Although on historical grounds it might be held that the names Fertilizin and AntifertiMzin have a prior claim, they are somewhat cumbersome, if not confusing. Fertilizin may include separate substances with different properties, while Antifertilizin is obtained from both eggs and spermatozoa. Hartmann & Schartau (1939) have suggested that the secretions of eggs and spermatozoa should be called Gynogamones (G.) and Androgamones (A.) respectively. These names might be thought to prejudge several issues, for it is not certain that all the gamete secretions are hormones in the usual sense (gamone = gamete hormone); nor is it yet clear that all the secretions have a gamete significance. Nevertheless, the nomenclature is convenient and often used in Sweden, Germany and Italy. In Table i,* which summarizes existing gamete secretion data, the new nomenclature is adopted, but the old names are included for comparison and identification. Table 1 contains two new and debatable features. First, Hetero-agglutinin is included as a separate substance from Iso-agglutinin. This is based on Just's observation (1930) that Hetero-agglutinin can be removed from Arbacia egg water by Nereis spermatozoa, though the full amount of Iso-agglutinin is left in the egg water. Secondly, a new substance, Gynandrogamone I (Antifertuizin), has been
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عنوان ژورنال:
- The Journal of experimental biology
دوره 25 4 شماره
صفحات -
تاریخ انتشار 1948